3D Shape Volume and Surface Area Calculator

Description

This project uses polymorphism in Java through the utilization of an interface (Shape3DInterface) and different 3D shape classes (Sphere, Cylinder, Cube). Every shape will implement the Shape3DInterface, which includes methods to calculate the surface area and volume of a shape. The program outputs 10 random shapes along with their respective surface area and volume.

Polymorphism in Action

Polymorphism is a core concept used in this project. By using the Shape3DInterface, we can store references to different types of 3D shapes (Sphere, Cylinder, Cube) in a single list. At runtime, Java uses dynamic method dispatch to invoke the appropriate surfaceArea() and volume() methods for each shape.

List<Shape3DInterface> shapes = new ArrayList<>();

// Adding objects of different types (Sphere, Cylinder, Cube)
shapes.add(new Sphere(5.0));     // A Sphere object is stored in a Shape3DInterface reference
shapes.add(new Cylinder(3.0, 10.0)); // A Cylinder object is stored in a Shape3DInterface reference
shapes.add(new Cube(4.0));       // A Cube object is stored in a Shape3DInterface reference

// Looping through the list and calling methods on different shape types
for (Shape3DInterface shape : shapes) {
    System.out.println(shape);  // This will call the overridden toString() method in each shape class
    System.out.println("Surface Area: " + shape.surfaceArea()); // Dynamic dispatch to the appropriate method
    System.out.println("Volume: " + shape.volume()); // Dynamic dispatch to the appropriate method
    System.out.println();
}

Key Features

• Random Shape Generation: The program generates 10 random 3D shapes.
• Polymorphism: Different shapes (Sphere, Cylinder, Cube) implement the same interface and can be treated uniformly.
• Surface Area and Volume Calculations: For each shape, the program calculates and outputs the surface area and volume using specific formulas.

Shape Formulas

• Sphere:

  • Surface Area: 4 * π * r^2
  • Volume: (4 / 3) * π * r^3

• Cylinder:

  • Surface Area: 2 * π * r * (r + h)
  • Volume: π * r^2 * h

• Cube:

  • Surface Area: 6 * a^2
  • Volume: a^3

Where:

• r is the radius,
• h is the height,
• a is the side length.

Example Output

Sphere [radius=4.25]
Surface Area: 226.98006922186255
Volume: 321.8370972152012

Cylinder [radius=3.75, height=10.57]
Surface Area: 334.87295370025586
Volume: 467.8275032801639

Cube [side=8.42]
Surface Area: 425.2932
Volume: 596.093048

Technologies Used

• Java 8 or higher
• Random class for generating random shape dimensions

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.