feat: add snapshot update

src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ set(ICEBERG_SOURCES
     transform_function.cc
     type.cc
     update/pending_update.cc
+    update/snapshot_update.cc
     update/update_partition_spec.cc
     update/update_properties.cc
     update/update_schema.cc

src/iceberg/snapshot.cc

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include "iceberg/snapshot.h"
 
+#include <charconv>
+
 #include "iceberg/file_io.h"
 #include "iceberg/manifest/manifest_list.h"
 #include "iceberg/manifest/manifest_reader.h"
@@ -75,6 +77,39 @@ std::optional<std::string_view> Snapshot::operation() const {
   return std::nullopt;
 }
 
+std::optional<int64_t> Snapshot::FirstRowId() const {
+  auto it = summary.find("first-row-id");
+  if (it == summary.end()) {
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  int64_t first_row_id = 0;
+  const std::string& first_row_id_str = it->second;
+  auto [_, ec] =
+      std::from_chars(first_row_id_str.data(),
+                      first_row_id_str.data() + first_row_id_str.size(), first_row_id);
+  if (ec != std::errc()) {
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  return first_row_id;
+}
+
+std::optional<int64_t> Snapshot::AddedRows() const {
+  auto it = summary.find("added-rows");
+  if (it == summary.end()) {
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  int64_t added_rows = 0;
+  const std::string& added_rows_str = it->second;
+  auto [_, ec] = std::from_chars(
+      added_rows_str.data(), added_rows_str.data() + added_rows_str.size(), added_rows);
+  if (ec != std::errc()) {
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  return added_rows;
+}
+
 bool Snapshot::Equals(const Snapshot& other) const {
   if (this == &other) {
     return true;
@@ -141,4 +176,103 @@ Result<std::span<ManifestFile>> CachedSnapshot::DeleteManifests(
   return std::span<ManifestFile>(cache.first.data() + delete_start, delete_count);
 }
 
+// SnapshotRef::Builder implementation
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder::Builder(SnapshotRefType type, int64_t snapshot_id)
+    : type_(type), snapshot_id_(snapshot_id) {}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder SnapshotRef::Builder::TagBuilder(int64_t snapshot_id) {
+  return Builder(SnapshotRefType::kTag, snapshot_id);
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder SnapshotRef::Builder::BranchBuilder(int64_t snapshot_id) {
+  return Builder(SnapshotRefType::kBranch, snapshot_id);
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder SnapshotRef::Builder::BuilderFor(int64_t snapshot_id,
+                                                      SnapshotRefType type) {
+  return Builder(type, snapshot_id);
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder SnapshotRef::Builder::BuilderFrom(const SnapshotRef& ref) {
+  Builder builder(ref.type(), ref.snapshot_id);
+  if (ref.type() == SnapshotRefType::kBranch) {
+    const auto& branch = std::get<SnapshotRef::Branch>(ref.retention);
+    builder.min_snapshots_to_keep_ = branch.min_snapshots_to_keep;
+    builder.max_snapshot_age_ms_ = branch.max_snapshot_age_ms;
+    builder.max_ref_age_ms_ = branch.max_ref_age_ms;
+  } else {
+    const auto& tag = std::get<SnapshotRef::Tag>(ref.retention);
+    builder.max_ref_age_ms_ = tag.max_ref_age_ms;
+  }
+  return builder;
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder SnapshotRef::Builder::BuilderFrom(const SnapshotRef& ref,
+                                                       int64_t snapshot_id) {
+  Builder builder(ref.type(), snapshot_id);
+  if (ref.type() == SnapshotRefType::kBranch) {
+    const auto& branch = std::get<SnapshotRef::Branch>(ref.retention);
+    builder.min_snapshots_to_keep_ = branch.min_snapshots_to_keep;
+    builder.max_snapshot_age_ms_ = branch.max_snapshot_age_ms;
+    builder.max_ref_age_ms_ = branch.max_ref_age_ms;
+  } else {
+    const auto& tag = std::get<SnapshotRef::Tag>(ref.retention);
+    builder.max_ref_age_ms_ = tag.max_ref_age_ms;
+  }
+  return builder;
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder& SnapshotRef::Builder::MinSnapshotsToKeep(
+    std::optional<int32_t> value) {
+  if (type_ == SnapshotRefType::kTag && value.has_value()) {
+    return AddError(ErrorKind::kInvalidArgument,
+                    "Tags do not support setting minSnapshotsToKeep");
+  }
+  if (value.has_value() && value.value() <= 0) {
+    return AddError(ErrorKind::kInvalidArgument,
+                    "Min snapshots to keep must be greater than 0");
+  }
+  min_snapshots_to_keep_ = value;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder& SnapshotRef::Builder::MaxSnapshotAgeMs(
+    std::optional<int64_t> value) {
+  if (type_ == SnapshotRefType::kTag && value.has_value()) {
+    return AddError(ErrorKind::kInvalidArgument,
+                    "Tags do not support setting maxSnapshotAgeMs");
+  }
+  if (value.has_value() && value.value() <= 0) {
+    return AddError(ErrorKind::kInvalidArgument,
+                    "Max snapshot age must be greater than 0 ms");
+  }
+  max_snapshot_age_ms_ = value;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+SnapshotRef::Builder& SnapshotRef::Builder::MaxRefAgeMs(std::optional<int64_t> value) {
+  if (value.has_value() && value.value() <= 0) {
+    return AddError(ErrorKind::kInvalidArgument,
+                    "Max reference age must be greater than 0");
+  }
+  max_ref_age_ms_ = value;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+Result<SnapshotRef> SnapshotRef::Builder::Build() const {
+  ICEBERG_RETURN_UNEXPECTED(CheckErrors());
+
+  if (type_ == SnapshotRefType::kBranch) {
+    return SnapshotRef{
+        .snapshot_id = snapshot_id_,
+        .retention = SnapshotRef::Branch{.min_snapshots_to_keep = min_snapshots_to_keep_,
+                                         .max_snapshot_age_ms = max_snapshot_age_ms_,
+                                         .max_ref_age_ms = max_ref_age_ms_}};
+  } else {
+    return SnapshotRef{.snapshot_id = snapshot_id_,
+                       .retention = SnapshotRef::Tag{.max_ref_age_ms = max_ref_age_ms_}};
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace iceberg

src/iceberg/snapshot.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "iceberg/manifest/manifest_list.h"
 #include "iceberg/result.h"
 #include "iceberg/type_fwd.h"
+#include "iceberg/util/error_collector.h"
 #include "iceberg/util/lazy.h"
 #include "iceberg/util/timepoint.h"
 
@@ -119,6 +120,67 @@ struct ICEBERG_EXPORT SnapshotRef {
     return lhs.Equals(rhs);
   }
 
+  /// \brief Builder class for constructing SnapshotRef objects
+  class ICEBERG_EXPORT Builder : public ErrorCollector {
+   public:
+    /// \brief Create a builder for a tag reference
+    /// \param snapshot_id The snapshot ID for the tag
+    /// \return A new Builder instance for a tag
+    static Builder TagBuilder(int64_t snapshot_id);
+
+    /// \brief Create a builder for a branch reference
+    /// \param snapshot_id The snapshot ID for the branch
+    /// \return A new Builder instance for a branch
+    static Builder BranchBuilder(int64_t snapshot_id);
+
+    /// \brief Create a builder from an existing SnapshotRef
+    /// \param ref The existing reference to copy properties from
+    /// \return A new Builder instance with properties from the existing ref
+    static Builder BuilderFrom(const SnapshotRef& ref);
+
+    /// \brief Create a builder from an existing SnapshotRef with a new snapshot ID
+    /// \param ref The existing reference to copy properties from
+    /// \param snapshot_id The new snapshot ID to use
+    /// \return A new Builder instance with properties from the existing ref but new
+    /// snapshot ID
+    static Builder BuilderFrom(const SnapshotRef& ref, int64_t snapshot_id);
+
+    /// \brief Create a builder for a specific type
+    /// \param snapshot_id The snapshot ID
+    /// \param type The type of reference (branch or tag)
+    /// \return A new Builder instance
+    static Builder BuilderFor(int64_t snapshot_id, SnapshotRefType type);
+
+    /// \brief Set the minimum number of snapshots to keep (branch only)
+    /// \param value The minimum number of snapshots to keep, or nullopt for default
+    /// \return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+    Builder& MinSnapshotsToKeep(std::optional<int32_t> value);
+
+    /// \brief Set the maximum snapshot age in milliseconds (branch only)
+    /// \param value The maximum snapshot age in milliseconds, or nullopt for default
+    /// \return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+    Builder& MaxSnapshotAgeMs(std::optional<int64_t> value);
+
+    /// \brief Set the maximum reference age in milliseconds
+    /// \param value The maximum reference age in milliseconds, or nullopt for default
+    /// \return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+    Builder& MaxRefAgeMs(std::optional<int64_t> value);
+
+    /// \brief Build the SnapshotRef
+    /// \return A Result containing the SnapshotRef instance, or an error if validation
+    /// failed
+    Result<SnapshotRef> Build() const;
+
+   private:
+    explicit Builder(SnapshotRefType type, int64_t snapshot_id);
+
+    SnapshotRefType type_;
+    int64_t snapshot_id_;
+    std::optional<int32_t> min_snapshots_to_keep_;
+    std::optional<int64_t> max_snapshot_age_ms_;
+    std::optional<int64_t> max_ref_age_ms_;
+  };
+
  private:
   /// \brief Compare two snapshot refs for equality.
   bool Equals(const SnapshotRef& other) const;
@@ -253,6 +315,29 @@ struct ICEBERG_EXPORT Snapshot {
   /// unknown.
   std::optional<std::string_view> operation() const;
 
+  /// \brief The row-id of the first newly added row in this snapshot.
+  ///
+  /// All rows added in this snapshot will have a row-id assigned to them greater than
+  /// this value. All rows with a row-id less than this value were created in a snapshot
+  /// that was added to the table (but not necessarily committed to this branch) in the
+  /// past.
+  ///
+  /// \return the first row-id to be used in this snapshot or nullopt when row lineage
+  /// is not supported
+  std::optional<int64_t> FirstRowId() const;
+
+  /// \brief The upper bound of number of rows with assigned row IDs in this snapshot.
+  ///
+  /// It can be used safely to increment the table's `next-row-id` during a commit. It
+  /// can be more than the number of rows added in this snapshot and include some
+  /// existing rows.
+  ///
+  /// This field is optional but is required when the table version supports row lineage.
+  ///
+  /// \return the upper bound of number of rows with assigned row IDs in this snapshot
+  /// or nullopt if the value was not stored.
+  std::optional<int64_t> AddedRows() const;
+
   /// \brief Compare two snapshots for equality.
   friend bool operator==(const Snapshot& lhs, const Snapshot& rhs) {
     return lhs.Equals(rhs);

src/iceberg/table.h

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ICEBERG_EXPORT Table : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Table> {
 
   virtual ~Table();
 
-  /// \brief Return the identifier of this table
+  /// \brief Returns the identifier of this table
   const TableIdentifier& name() const { return identifier_; }
 
   /// \brief Returns the UUID of the table
@@ -59,40 +59,40 @@ class ICEBERG_EXPORT Table : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Table> {
   /// \brief Return the schema for this table, return NotFoundError if not found
   Result<std::shared_ptr<Schema>> schema() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return a map of schema for this table
+  /// \brief Returns a map of schema for this table
   Result<
       std::reference_wrapper<const std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<Schema>>>>
   schemas() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return the partition spec for this table, return NotFoundError if not found
+  /// \brief Returns the partition spec for this table, return NotFoundError if not found
   Result<std::shared_ptr<PartitionSpec>> spec() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return a map of partition specs for this table
+  /// \brief Returns a map of partition specs for this table
   Result<std::reference_wrapper<
       const std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<PartitionSpec>>>>
   specs() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return the sort order for this table, return NotFoundError if not found
+  /// \brief Returns the sort order for this table, return NotFoundError if not found
   Result<std::shared_ptr<SortOrder>> sort_order() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return a map of sort order IDs to sort orders for this table
+  /// \brief Returns a map of sort order IDs to sort orders for this table
   Result<std::reference_wrapper<
       const std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<SortOrder>>>>
   sort_orders() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return a map of string properties for this table
+  /// \brief Returns the properties of this table
   const TableProperties& properties() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return the table's metadata file location
+  /// \brief Returns the table's metadata file location
   std::string_view metadata_file_location() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return the table's base location
+  /// \brief Returns the table's base location
   std::string_view location() const;
 
   /// \brief Returns the time when this table was last updated
   TimePointMs last_updated_ms() const;
 
-  /// \brief Return the table's current snapshot, return NotFoundError if not found
+  /// \brief Returns the table's current snapshot, return NotFoundError if not found
   Result<std::shared_ptr<Snapshot>> current_snapshot() const;
 
   /// \brief Get the snapshot of this table with the given id