Adding Grey Methanolisation

[toniseibold]

Closes # (if applicable).

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

Adding grey methanolisation technology to be able to add existing methanol production plants for a brownfield optimization.
PyPSA/pypsa-eur#1719

Checklist

• Code changes are sufficiently documented; i.e. new functions contain docstrings and further explanations may be given in doc.
  not applicable
• Data source for new technologies is clearly stated.
• Newly introduced dependencies are added to environment.yaml (if applicable).
  not applicable
• A note for the release notes doc/release_notes.rst of the upcoming release is included.
• I consent to the release of this PR's code under the GPLv3 license.

[fneum]

Can we get it closer to the methanolisation attributes?

technology-data/outputs/costs_2030.csv

Lines 1113 to 1120 in 2011c94

	methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0
	methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,,
	methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",,
	methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",,
	methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH,
	methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH,
	methanolisation,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0
	methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0

Efficiency can be ambiguous. I guess it means CH4 to MeOH? Is the carbon balanced in this case, or do we need to have an carbondioxide-output attribute?

Do we even need a new source? Couldn't this be constructed from the assumption we already have about grey hydrogen and the methanolisation unit?

[p-glaum]

I think the benefit of this new source would be that you can integrate these two processes, i.e. SMR and methanol synthesis.

Nonetheless, you raised an important point, because I think the CO2 is not balanced here...

[toniseibold]

You are absolutely right, the PR is missing a few things:

| process              |             | efficiency |
| -------------------- | ----------- | ---------- |
| SMR                  | CH4 -> H2   | 0.76       |
| methanolisation      | H2 -> MeOH  | 0.88       |
| grey methanolisation | CH4 -> MeOH | 0.569      |

Which leads to an efficiency of grey methanolisation of 56.9 % vs. 88% * 76% = 67 % . The latter does not include electricity consumption needed.

Carbon Balance:

|      | carbon content |
| ---- | -------------- |
| CH4  | 0.198          |
| MeOH | 0.2482         |

which leads to
$$0.198 t_{CO_2} = 1 MWh_{CH_4} * 0.569 \frac{MWh_{MeOH}}{MWh_{CH_4}} * 0.2482 \frac{t_{CO_2}}{MWh_{MeOH}} + process emissions$$
the process emissions being:

$$ process emissions = 0.198 t_{CO_2} - 1 MWh_{CH_4} * 0.569 \frac{MWh_{MeOH}}{MWh_{CH_4}} * 0.2482 \frac{t_{CO_2}}{MWh_{MeOH}} = 0.057 t_{CO_2} $$

[toniseibold]

I would assume that FOM, lifetime are similar to the green methanol synthesis. Not sure if adding them to the manual_input.csv is necessary though.

[fneum]

Sure, no need to duplicate what is the same, but it's worth checking if the investment cost are different (as the grey methanol route would also include the reforming).

[fneum]

Suggested change

grey methanol synthesis,efficiency,2030,0.569,MWh_MeOH/MWh_gas,2020,"From https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236119311767, table 2, Methanol Synthesis with integrated autothermal reforming. Efficiency is the exergetic efficiency ",

was duplicated

[toniseibold]

Sorry about that

[toniseibold]

I found this source:
Irena Innovation Outlook: Renewable Methanol Table 25
720 - 1440 CAPEX (USD/t/y)
which would translate to using (0.8775 EUR/USD)
631.8 - 1263.6 (EUR/t/y)

$$ 631.8 \frac{EUR}{\frac{t}{y}} / 5.528 \frac{MWh_{MeOH}}{t_{MeOH}} * 8760 \frac{h}{y} = 1 001 188 \frac{EUR}{MW_{MeOH}} $$

Compared to the green MeOH synthesis:

$$ 703 726.4462 \frac{EUR}{MW_{MeOH}} $$

[fneum]

Looks plausible!